Business Questions It Answers
- Where are we exposed?
- Which systems are vulnerable?
- Which users have too much access?
- Are alerts being reviewed?
- Can we respond quickly?
Cyber threats are constantly evolving. Businesses face ransomware, phishing, stolen credentials, vendor risk, application vulnerabilities, firewall misconfigurations, VPN exposure, cloud security gaps, email compromise, DNS abuse, public-facing server threats, and data theft attempts.
OC Security Audit helps businesses find weaknesses, detect suspicious activity, improve security visibility, implement practical protections, and build stronger protection from the ground up.
| # | Technology / Solution | Description | Related Area | Threats Reduced | Required Control / Checklist Item | Risk Score | Threat Level | AI Impact | Status | Validation Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | EDR | Endpoint Detection and Response monitors laptops, desktops, and servers for suspicious behavior, malware, ransomware, and attack activity. | Endpoints | Ransomware, malware, credential theft, lateral movement, malicious scripts. | Deploy EDR to all supported endpoints and servers. Confirm coverage, alerting, isolation, and response actions. | 9/10 | Critical | High |
YesNoPartial |
EDR console, device inventory, alert history, isolation test, policy export. |
| 2 | XDR | Extended Detection and Response correlates signals across endpoints, identity, email, cloud, applications, and security tools. | Cross-Platform | Multi-stage attacks, phishing-to-endpoint compromise, cloud account abuse, ransomware chains. | Enable XDR integrations across endpoint, identity, email, cloud, and firewall where available. | 8/10 | High | High |
YesNoPartial |
XDR incident dashboard, connected data sources, correlated alerts, incident timeline. |
| 3 | MDR | Managed Detection and Response provides external security monitoring, alert triage, investigation, and response support. | Security Operations | Unreviewed alerts, after-hours attacks, delayed response, missed incidents. | Use MDR when internal teams cannot provide 24/7 monitoring or expert investigation. | 8/10 | High | Medium |
YesNoPartial |
MDR contract, escalation procedure, monthly reports, response SLA, test escalation. |
| 4 | SIEM | Security Information and Event Management centralizes logs and security events for investigation, alerting, compliance, and threat hunting. | Logs & Monitoring | Hidden attacks, missing logs, poor investigation, compliance gaps. | Collect logs from firewalls, VPN, servers, endpoints, identity, email, cloud, DNS, and critical applications. | 8/10 | High | High |
YesNoPartial |
SIEM data connector list, alert rules, retention policy, dashboard screenshots. |
| 5 | Firewall IPS / IDS | Intrusion Prevention and Detection Systems inspect traffic for exploit attempts, malicious patterns, and suspicious behavior. | Firewall | Exploits, scanning, malicious traffic, command-and-control, inbound attacks. | Enable IPS/IDS profiles on internet-facing, VPN, server, and high-risk network zones. | 9/10 | Critical | Medium |
YesNoPartial |
Firewall security profile settings, IPS logs, blocked threat reports, rule mapping. |
| 6 | Firewall Rule Audit | Firewall rules should be reviewed to remove risky, unused, broad, or outdated rules. | Firewall | Unauthorized access, exposed services, lateral movement, internet exposure. | Review Any/Any rules, open inbound ports, NAT policies, unused rules, and temporary rules. | 10/10 | Critical | Low |
YesNoPartial |
Firewall rule export, change history, risk review notes, cleanup plan. |
| 7 | AI-Powered Firewall Threat Prevention | Modern firewalls use threat intelligence, behavior analysis, malware prevention, URL filtering, DNS protection, and automated blocking. | Network Edge | Malware, C2 traffic, botnets, phishing sites, exploit attempts, risky applications. | Enable licensed threat prevention, URL filtering, DNS security, malware inspection, and automated updates. | 8/10 | High | High |
YesNoPartial |
Firewall subscription status, security profiles, threat logs, block reports. |
| 8 | VPN MFA | Multi-factor authentication protects VPN access from stolen passwords and credential reuse. | Remote Access | VPN compromise, unauthorized remote access, credential theft, ransomware entry. | Require MFA for all VPN users, administrators, vendors, and remote access accounts. | 10/10 | Critical | Low |
YesNoPartial |
VPN policy, MFA enforcement report, user access list, login test. |
| 9 | VPN Access Review | VPN access should be limited by user role, business need, device trust, and least privilege. | Remote Access | Excessive access, vendor risk, lateral movement, unauthorized access. | Review all VPN users, vendor tunnels, split tunneling, encryption, inactive accounts, and access scope. | 9/10 | Critical | Medium |
YesNoPartial |
VPN user list, tunnel list, policy export, inactive account report, log review. |
| 10 | Laptop Encryption | Full-disk encryption protects data if a laptop is lost, stolen, or accessed offline. | Endpoints | Data theft, lost-device exposure, compliance failures, unauthorized offline access. | Enable BitLocker, FileVault, or equivalent encryption on all laptops and portable devices. | 8/10 | High | Low |
YesNoPartial |
Encryption compliance report, recovery key escrow, device management dashboard. |
| 11 | MFA for Cloud and Email | MFA protects Microsoft 365, Google Workspace, SaaS, and cloud accounts from credential theft. | Identity | Account takeover, email compromise, cloud data theft, phishing damage. | Enforce MFA for all users, especially administrators, finance, executives, and remote users. | 10/10 | Critical | Low |
YesNoPartial |
MFA report, conditional access policies, admin account review, sign-in logs. |
| 12 | Conditional Access | Conditional access restricts logins based on risk, location, device compliance, user role, and application sensitivity. | Identity | Risky logins, unmanaged devices, impossible travel, cloud account abuse. | Apply policies for admin roles, high-risk users, unmanaged devices, external locations, and sensitive apps. | 8/10 | High | Medium |
YesNoPartial |
Conditional access policy export, sign-in risk logs, exception list. |
| 13 | Privileged Access Review | Administrator and privileged accounts should be limited, monitored, and separated from daily-use accounts. | Identity | Privilege escalation, admin compromise, ransomware spread, unauthorized changes. | Review admin accounts, remove unnecessary privileges, enforce MFA, and monitor privileged actions. | 10/10 | Critical | Medium |
YesNoPartial |
Admin role export, privileged access report, MFA proof, audit logs. |
| 14 | Email Security Gateway | Email filtering and protection detect phishing, malware, spoofing, malicious links, and suspicious attachments. | Phishing, ransomware delivery, BEC, credential harvesting, malware attachments. | Enable anti-phishing, anti-malware, safe links, attachment scanning, impersonation protection, and quarantine review. | 9/10 | Critical | High |
YesNoPartial |
Email security policies, quarantine reports, phishing simulation results. | |
| 15 | SPF, DKIM, DMARC | Email authentication helps prevent spoofing and domain impersonation. | Email / DNS | Email spoofing, phishing, domain abuse, business email compromise. | Configure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC with monitoring and move toward enforcement where appropriate. | 8/10 | High | Low |
YesNoPartial |
DNS records, DMARC reports, mail authentication test results. |
| 16 | DNS Security | DNS security blocks access to malicious domains and reduces command-and-control communication. | DNS | Phishing, malware callbacks, botnets, malicious domains, DNS abuse. | Use secure DNS filtering, review public DNS records, protect registrar access, and monitor domain changes. | 7/10 | High | Medium |
YesNoPartial |
DNS filtering dashboard, registrar MFA proof, DNS record review. |
| 17 | Vulnerability Management | Continuous vulnerability scanning identifies missing patches, exposed services, insecure software, and configuration weaknesses. | Systems | Exploitation, ransomware entry, web compromise, privilege escalation. | Perform authenticated scans, prioritize critical vulnerabilities, track remediation, and validate fixes. | 9/10 | Critical | Medium |
YesNoPartial |
Scan reports, remediation tickets, patch validation, exception list. |
| 18 | Patch Management | Patch management reduces known vulnerabilities in operating systems, applications, firmware, and security tools. | Systems | Known exploits, ransomware, malware, application compromise, privilege escalation. | Patch critical systems, internet-facing assets, endpoints, servers, firmware, and third-party applications. | 9/10 | Critical | Low |
YesNoPartial |
Patch compliance reports, maintenance schedule, vulnerability remediation history. |
| 19 | Network Segmentation | Segmentation separates systems to limit attacker movement and reduce the impact of compromise. | Internal Network | Lateral movement, ransomware spread, unauthorized access, flat network exposure. | Segment servers, users, guests, IoT, vendors, backups, management, and critical systems. | 9/10 | Critical | Low |
YesNoPartial |
Network diagram, VLAN list, firewall rules between zones, access tests. |
| 20 | Backup Protection | Protected backups reduce ransomware impact and support recovery after data loss or system compromise. | Business Continuity | Ransomware, data loss, accidental deletion, destructive attacks. | Use offline or immutable backups, protect backup admin access, test restores, and monitor backup failures. | 10/10 | Critical | Medium |
YesNoPartial |
Backup job reports, restore test results, immutable backup settings, access review. |
| 21 | Data Loss Prevention | DLP helps detect or prevent sensitive data from leaving the organization through email, cloud sharing, endpoints, or storage. | Data Security | Data exfiltration, accidental sharing, insider risk, compliance violations. | Identify sensitive data, apply DLP policies, review alerts, and tune controls to reduce false positives. | 7/10 | High | Medium |
YesNoPartial |
DLP policies, sensitivity labels, alert reports, exception list. |
| 22 | Cloud Security Posture | Cloud security posture management reviews cloud misconfigurations, public exposure, identity risk, and logging gaps. | Cloud | Cloud data exposure, public storage, account takeover, insecure APIs. | Review cloud storage, IAM roles, public resources, logging, encryption, admin access, and guest users. | 8/10 | High | High |
YesNoPartial |
Cloud posture report, IAM review, public exposure report, logging configuration. |
| 23 | Public Exposure Review | External exposure review identifies publicly accessible systems, services, web apps, admin panels, DNS records, and open ports. | Internet Edge | External compromise, web attacks, exposed services, brute force, data exposure. | Scan and review public IPs, domains, web servers, DNS records, TLS, and exposed management services. | 9/10 | Critical | Medium |
YesNoPartial |
External scan report, asset list, exposed service list, remediation notes. |
| 24 | Web Application Security | Web applications and APIs should be tested for vulnerabilities, authentication weaknesses, and insecure configurations. | Applications | SQL injection, XSS, account takeover, data theft, API abuse. | Review authentication, authorization, input handling, exposed admin portals, API security, and patch status. | 8/10 | High | Medium |
YesNoPartial |
Application test report, vulnerability findings, patch history, code/security review notes. |
| 25 | Vendor Access Review | Third-party vendors should have limited, monitored, MFA-protected access based on business need. | Third Party | Vendor compromise, supply chain risk, unauthorized remote access, shared accounts. | Review all vendor accounts, remote tools, VPN tunnels, service accounts, permissions, and access expiration. | 8/10 | High | Medium |
YesNoPartial |
Vendor access list, MFA proof, remote access logs, contract/security requirements. |
| 26 | Security Awareness Training | Security training helps users recognize phishing, social engineering, unsafe links, and suspicious requests. | Users | Phishing, credential theft, BEC, malware delivery, human error. | Train users regularly and include phishing simulations, reporting procedures, and role-based training. | 7/10 | High | Low |
YesNoPartial |
Training completion report, phishing simulation results, user reporting metrics. |
| 27 | Asset Inventory | Asset inventory identifies devices, servers, applications, cloud resources, users, and vendors that need protection. | Governance | Unknown devices, unmanaged systems, missed vulnerabilities, poor coverage. | Maintain updated inventory for endpoints, servers, network devices, cloud assets, applications, and owners. | 8/10 | High | Medium |
YesNoPartial |
Inventory export, device management report, CMDB, owner list. |
| 28 | Firmware and Driver Review | Firmware and drivers on firewalls, switches, routers, servers, endpoints, and IoT devices should be reviewed for vulnerabilities. | Devices | Device compromise, hidden vulnerabilities, unsupported hardware, persistence. | Review firmware versions, update plans, unsupported hardware, default credentials, and device exposure. | 7/10 | High | Low |
YesNoPartial |
Firmware inventory, device support status, update schedule, exception list. |
| 29 | Incident Response Plan | An incident response plan defines who does what when a threat is detected. | Response | Delayed response, confusion, larger impact, poor communication, legal exposure. | Create playbooks for ransomware, email compromise, lost device, data breach, vendor incident, and cloud compromise. | 9/10 | Critical | Medium |
YesNoPartial |
IR plan, contact list, playbooks, tabletop exercise report, lessons learned. |
| 30 | Security Audit Schedule | Periodic security audits validate whether controls remain effective as the business changes. | Governance | Control drift, missed changes, outdated policies, compliance failure. | Perform scheduled security audits and reassess firewalls, VPNs, endpoints, cloud, email, users, vendors, and logs. | 7/10 | High | Low |
YesNoPartial |
Audit calendar, prior audit reports, remediation tracking, management review. |







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